Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Inflazioa

Mikel Zurbano
Dani Blanco
Prezioak puztea, hori da inflazioaren esanahia. Berez ezer azaltzen ez duen tautologia. Gaur egun nozitzen ari garen prezio igoera, esaterako, zuzenean zein zeharka, lehengaiek eta batik bat erregaiek eragindakoa da gehienbat. Nolanahi ere, gure artean inflazio egoera ez da berria, euroarekin jakin dugu zer den prezioen bizkortze orokorra eta ondo apaindutako datu apalak erakutsi ditu azkenaldian urtez urteko indize ofizialak jakinik errealitatea bestelakoa zela.
 
Oraingoan prezio igoeraren tamaina hain da nabarmena zein ukaezina den. Erregaia eta elikagaiak batez ere ari dira bere merkatu prezioa igotzen. Eta horrek gainerako ondasun zein zerbitzuetan zeharkako eragina du hauen produkzio kostuak igotzen baititu. Txina, India, Brasil… bezalako herrialde emerjenteen eskari hazkorrak eta erregai gisa erabiltzen ari diren nekazaritza gaien erabilera alternatiboak eskaria puztu egiten dute. Honekin bat, hainbat lehengaien ekoizpenen urritzeak ekarri du eskasiaren egoera eta beraz –merkatu perfektuak agindu legez– prezioen goratzea.
 
Haatik, elikagaien eta petrolioaren merkatu globalak aspaldian utzi zioten konkurrentzia librekoak izateari eta oligopolioen menpekoak dira geroztik. Alegia, enpresa erraldoi gutxi batzuk dute merkatuaren ia erabateko kontrola. Exxon Mobil, RD/Shell eta BP, hiru petrolio konpainia nagusiek, esaterako, nazioarteko erregaien produkzioaren eta banaketaren erdia baino gehiagoko merkatu kuota kontrolatzen dute. Elikagaietan Del Monte, Cargill, Nestle eta enparuek antzeko posizioa dute. Enpresa hauek burtsa merkatuan liderrak dira. Gainera erregai zein elikagaien gerokoen merkatuak daude, merkatu eratorriak, Chicago Mercantile Exchange bezalakoak. Ondasun hauek oinarritzat harturik finantza tituluak jaulkitzen dira bertan. Subprime higiezinen krisiak eraginda finantza baliabide ugarik ihes egin du bertatik eta lehengaien etorkizuneko merkatuetara jo dute bertako ziurtasuna eta errentagarritasuna ikusita. Honek areagotu egin du espekulazioa eta prezioak leherrarazi egin ditu, enpresa erraldoien mesedetan.
 
Beraz, inflazioa ez da datu hutsa. Honek arrazoiak ez ezik helburu jakinak ere baditu. Finean, errentaren birbanaketarako tresna da inflazioa: munduko merkatuetako konpainiek beren botere ahalmena erabiliz munduko errentan duten zatia handitzeko, alegia. Oraingoan petrolio konpainia zein elikagai eta banaketa konpainia handiak inflazioa erabiliz beren etekinak handitzen ari dira, kontsumitzaileok galtzen dugun errentaren zatiaren neurri berberan, hain zuzen.

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